No place in Syria was extra feared than Sednaya jail in the course of the Assad household’s decades-long, iron-fisted rule.
Located on a barren hilltop on the outskirts of Damascus, the capital, Sednaya was on the coronary heart of the Assads’ in depth system of torture prisons and arbitrary arrests used to crush all dissent.
By the top of the almost 14-year civil struggle that culminated in December with the autumn of President Bashar al-Assad, it had turn out to be a haunting image of the dictator’s ruthlessness.
Over time, the regime’s safety equipment swallowed up tons of of 1000’s of activists, journalists, college students and dissidents from throughout Syria — many by no means to be heard from once more.
Most prisoners didn’t count on to make it out of Sednaya alive. They watched as males detained with them withered away or just misplaced the desire to stay. Tens of 1000’s of others had been executed, based on rights teams.
David Guttenfelder/The New York Occasions
David Guttenfelder/The New York Occasions
David Guttenfelder/The New York Occasions
David Guttenfelder/The New York Occasions
Munzer al-Uthman from Homs was arrested in 2020 after defecting from obligatory army service.
The New York Occasions visited Sednaya a number of instances, together with the day after the regime fell. We interviewed 16 former prisoners and two former jail officers, and constructed a complete 3-D mannequin of the jail utilizing greater than 130 movies filmed on website by journalists for The Occasions who surveyed the huge advanced.
We additionally spoke with prisoners’ relations and a prisoner advocacy group to corroborate the small print surrounding their arrests.
Former prisoners advised The Occasions that they had been tortured, overwhelmed and disadvantaged of meals, water and medication. A few of them noticed prisoners or had been themselves overwhelmed by medical doctors accountable for treating them, leaving them swollen and infrequently bleeding till they died.
A few of the former prisoners’ accounts included descriptions of violence that would not be independently verified, however that had been largely in keeping with each other and with rights teams’ stories on Sednaya.
Members of the family looking for lacking relations foraged by means of papers inside Sednaya.
Daniel Berehulak/The New York Occasions
Our reporting uncovered new particulars of the systemic torture and inhumane situations the Assad authorities used to interrupt anybody who dared to talk up in opposition to it.
Sednaya was so feared that few in Syria dared to utter its identify. After rebels ousted Mr. al-Assad, the jail was all of a sudden open to the general public for the primary time.
The jail advanced was constructed in 1987 and included a Y-shaped fundamental constructing, which rose 4 tales above the bottom.
Over the course of the civil struggle, greater than 30,000 prisoners died at Sednaya, many executed in mass hangings, based on rights teams. Amnesty Worldwide described it as a “human slaughterhouse.” The true dying toll from Sednaya stays unknown.
Former prisoners who had been imprisoned prior to now few years advised us that each few weeks, guards rounded up dozens of prisoners to execute them.
“Every single day we requested ourselves, ‘Will they execute us now?,’” mentioned Mr. al-Diq, the previous insurgent. “‘What’s going to they do with us at the moment?’”
From Cage to Dungeon
The prisoners sometimes arrived on the Sednaya advanced bundled in cargo vehicles, blindfolded and with their wrists shackled, former prisoners advised us.
When the again door of the truck swung open, guards corralled them into an consumption space on the fundamental jail constructing, barking at them to maintain their heads down and beating them with batons.
Then, prisoners had been compelled to squat with their heads between their legs as guards registered their names.
The inmates had been advised to strip bare and compelled into metallic cages that lined the partitions.
Cages about two toes deep and 6 toes tall lined the partitions of the jail’s consumption room.
Daniel Berehulak/The New York Occasions
When peaceable protests in opposition to the regime in 2011 became a civil struggle, Mohammad al-Buraidi, 32, a musician from the southern metropolis of Daraa, was coaching on the oud — a pear-shaped string instrument.
He joined the insurgent motion to defend his hometown from authorities forces. After a crackdown on the rebels, he laid down his arms, and in 2022, complied with a authorities mandate to affix its army. Inside months of doing so, he was arrested and accused of continuous to help the rebels, fees he denied.
By the point Mr. al-Buraidi arrived at Sednaya, he, like most former prisoners The Occasions talked to, had already endured months of torture in filthy dungeons and detention services throughout the nation. Mr. al-Buraidi mentioned he spent a month in jail in Damascus hanging from the ceiling by his palms for a number of hours a day earlier than he was transferred to Sednaya.
The guards instructed the lads that their lives now revolved round three guidelines, based on former prisoners. Don’t ask for meals or water. Don’t contact the cell door or ask for assist. If a cellmate dies, go away his physique there.
The prisoners got just a few small items of bread.
Some males resorted to licking sewage water off the ground. They slept sitting up, Mr. al-Buraidi mentioned, so their our bodies wouldn’t be coated in feces.
Mr. al-Uthman, 30, spent eight days in an underground cell after he was arrested in 2020. It was summer time and the cell was suffocating, he mentioned.
“It’s so scorching and stuffy down within the underground cell that after a few days, you begin begging — not in your freedom, however to no less than be taken as much as the group cells,” he mentioned.
When one among his cellmates collapsed and misplaced consciousness, Mr. al-Uthman and the opposite inmates panicked.
A cellmate yelled out for assist. The guards yanked open the door and dragged the collapsed man into the hallway, beating him with batons and pulverizing his palms and legs.
Then they tossed him again into the cell. For days, Mr. al-Uthman tried to revive the person, amassing his personal urine in his cupped palms to attempt to get him to drink.
The person regained consciousness however died two months later, Mr. al-Uthman mentioned.
The place Dying Was All the time Close to
After every week or so in underground cells, prisoners had been moved to group cells unfold throughout three wings on the highest three flooring of the constructing.
Mr. Mouma, 33, who was arrested in 2018, spent six years in Sednaya. He moved to a brand new cell each few months, he mentioned, as waves of cholera and tuberculosis seized the jail.
The times started round 6 a.m., when prisoners woke as much as the sound of metallic clanking, as guards did their each day rounds. Guards usually ordered the prisoners to kneel in the back of the cell, dealing with away from the door, based on two former prisoners.
Then they requested if anybody had died.
“We needed to inform the officers that we’ve a ‘carcass’ — not a ‘martyr’ or ‘somebody who had died,’” Mr. Mouma mentioned. “We couldn’t even say the phrase ‘physique,’ in any other case they might kill you.”
A physician accompanied the guards. Essentially the most infamous one was identified to prisoners solely as “The Butcher.” Throughout rounds, his gruff voice bellowed throughout the jail, sending chills up Mr. Mouma’s backbone.
If a prisoner requested for medical assist, the Butcher sometimes yanked him out of his cell and beat him unconscious, Mr. Mouma and different prisoners mentioned. The Butcher threatened to kill anybody who seemed him within the face.
Prisoners acquired minimal meals. A single bowl of yogurt to share amongst 20 individuals. Generally a little bit of bread or some cheese. In the event that they had been fortunate, they might get just a few eggs.
The guards usually taunted the prisoners, stepping on their meals or purposely spilling it on the prisoners’ blankets as they delivered it.
“I can’t even describe the meals they’d deliver us,” Mr. Mouma mentioned. “Not even a canine can be keen to eat this.”
Garments, bowls and blankets left inside a cell at Sednaya jail after the regime’s fall.
Daniel Berehulak/The New York Occasions
With each passing month in Sednaya, Mr. Mouma grew extra gaunt, his pores and skin pale and fragile, draped throughout protruding bones. He prayed he wouldn’t be overwhelmed. He prayed he would stay yet another day.
Those that managed to outlive the situations nonetheless confronted the prospect of dying by execution after being sentenced in sham trials.
Each two weeks, guards banged on the iron gates of every wing and browse out a listing of names of these being summoned for executions, based on eight former prisoners.
In desperation, some who heard their names ran to the lavatory of their cells to cover. Others reluctantly stepped out, realizing their destiny was sealed.
At the beginning of the civil struggle, prisoners had been taken from the principle constructing to a small room within the basement of one other constructing 500 toes away.
A constructing the place executions as soon as occurred is subsequent to the principle jail constructing.
Emin Sansar/Anadolu through Getty Photos
There they had been hanged within the presence of a number of individuals, together with the jail director, based on two jail officers. The jail officers spoke on the situation of anonymity for worry of retaliation.
An Unlikely Reunion
The one contact some prisoners had with the surface world got here as soon as each couple months when relations had been allowed to go to for a couple of minutes.
Within the visitation corridor, the prisoners and their family members had been stored a number of toes aside and separated by floor-to-ceiling bars. A hall patrolled by a guard separated the prisoners from their guests.
After the regime fell, relations seemed for indicators of lacking relations within the jail’s visitation space.
Daniel Berehulak/The New York Occasions
For some prisoners, the visits introduced a distinct sort of ache. Mr. al-Uthman — the Homs native arrested in 2020 — recalled how his cellmate’s go to together with his spouse and new child daughter for the primary time since he was arrested was an excessive amount of.
Within the weeks that got here after, his cellmate stopped consuming and ingesting. He sat within the nook of their cell, refusing to talk with anybody besides a hallucination of his spouse. Months later, he died, Mr. al-Uthman mentioned.
Different prisoners discovered a glimpse of hope within the visits.
Sitting within the visitation room almost two years into his incarceration, Mr. al-Abdallah, 27, heard the guards shout a reputation he acknowledged: Akram al-Abdallah, his youthful brother.
Years earlier, Mohammad and Akram had given up their desires of turning into medical doctors to affix the rebels of their neighborhood in Homs, the brothers mentioned.
Within the ready room, Mohammad seemed up and noticed Akram — gaunt, drained, a shell of the brother he knew. Mohammad may acknowledge him solely by his voice.
“It was like I had died, and all of a sudden my soul got here again to me,” Mohammad mentioned. Till that second, Mohammad had not realized that Akram was additionally in Sednaya.
The 2 later realized that Khalid, their youngest brother, had additionally been held there for years, solely to die whereas incarcerated.
Mohammad al-Abdallah held {a photograph} of his brother Khalid.
David Guttenfelder/The New York Occasions
Round six months earlier than the regime fell, Akram ended up being transferred to the cell subsequent to Mohammad, the brothers mentioned. Akram had fallen sick and was weaker than ever.
Each evening, the 2 brothers would speak to one another by means of small openings in between their cells — the sound of their voices a uncommon consolation.
Freedom for These Nonetheless Alive
Many of the prisoners couldn’t think about ever leaving Sednaya.
Then, on Dec. 8, 2024, the unfathomable occurred.
In the course of the evening, the prisoners all of a sudden heard a commotion and the jail employees yelling. A short time later, they may hear the whop-whop of a helicopter touchdown on the roof. Then gunshots, the rattling of iron bars and screams of “Allahu akbar,” “God is nice.”
On the evening they had been liberated, some males left their cells on the primary ground of Sednaya’s fundamental constructing.
Supply: Scopal, through Reuters
With little entry to the surface world, most prisoners had been unaware of the rebels’ lightning advance — and confusion and terror crammed their cells.
Mr. al-Diq, who was grabbed at a checkpoint in 2019, thought that prisoners had been rioting and flattened himself on the bottom, too terrified to maneuver.
Mr. al-Buraidi and his cellmates ran to the lavatory of their cell, as males compelled open the door to their wing with the butt of a rifle. Once they shot open his cell door, the lads shouted: “Go, go wherever you need in Syria,” Mr. al-Buraidi recalled. “You’re free now!”
When Mohammad and his brother Akram made it out of their cells, they embraced, Akram collapsing in Mohammad’s arms.
Mr. al-Uthman started working down the street from the jail, satisfied for miles that his newfound freedom was a farce and that guards would seem out of nowhere to throw him again in Sednaya.
Mr. Mouma stumbled out of the jail advanced in incredulity.
“We couldn’t consider it, and we had no concept what to do,” he mentioned. “It was ecstasy past description.”